Compare and contrast Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 1

Compare and contrast - Essay Example On the other hand, Brown counteracts Moskos argument and in turn revokes the legalization of drugs in the U.S indicating that this would lead to more serious consequences as drugs will become accessible to more potential drug addicts including infants (455). Comparison and Contrast Both articles have a strong perception on the reason for drug regulation. Moreover, they concede the need of decreasing the use of illegal drugs because of the associate consequences. Additionally, the both recognize that enforcement will not solely solve the mystery of illegal drug use. However, their approach on drug regulation differs considerably. Moskos’ article advocates for drug legalization arguing that it is impossible to regulate a prohibited drug. Consequently, the author adopts the legalization of illegal drugs such as marijuana, crack heroin, and crystal meth as a measure of regulating them through high taxes, which will regulate the users because of the high prices as opposed to law en forcement regulation indicating, â€Å"Law enforcement can’t reduce supply and demand† (452). ... The two articles present diversified view on the main cause of illegal drug use, failure of illegal drugs regulation, and the effect it has on the society. Moskos article (too dangerous not to regulate) substantially portrays that drug prohibition has largely contributed to the use of illegal drugs as well as promoting illegal drug trade. The author further indicates that the failure to regulate the use of illegal in most governments has been because of prohibition making it impossible for the state to regulate the circulation of the drugs. Moskos asserts crime, HIV spread, and violence as major consequences of prohibition. Contrastingly, Brown revokes prohibition of illegal drugs as the main cause of widespread of illegal drug abuse. Brown contradicts Moskos argument by indicating that people do not use drugs because they are illegal thus not possible to overlook the use of law enforcement and interdiction in drug regulation. The author further explores the adverse effects of drug a buse indication that it does not only affect the individuals using, but also closely related members of the family and friends as opposed to Moskos effects seen to be on a personal perspective. Both articles have use examples to support their arguments. However, the examples present contradicting results. Moskos indicates that the legalization of marijuana in Netherland that promoted the number of drug addicts. Furthermore, Moskos use the example of the measure that tried in vain to prohibit alcohol between 1920 and 1933, which facilitated the increase in crime that resulted to the end alcohol prohibition. On the other hand, Brown uses the example of the Dutch

Ideology refers to a set of consistent ideas Essay Example for Free

Ideology refers to a set of consistent ideas Essay Indeed, it encompasses the ideas that appear dominant enough to give reasonable explanations to the world in such a way that it appeals to the simple mind and can become the propelling force for his daily interactions among humans. Is defined as ‘a form of social or political philosophy in which practical elements are as prominent as theoretical ones. It is a system of ideas that aspires both to explain the world and to change it. ’[Britannica Online Encyclopedia] It can also be described as a belief system shared by a specific group of people; the system determines the schema with which they see life and interpret events. It forms the basis of schema formation and modification. This refers to a system of politic that teaches a particular idea to group of people with a view to integrating their cognitive and affectionate skills into such ideas. It is an attempt to sell an idea perceived to be the ideal norm to guide the affairs of a clan of people towards productive living and stable community. Marx devised a base/superstructure model of society where society is greatly influenced by the dominant force-ruling-class, especially in terms of economic factors more than anything else. This model emphasizes the major influence the ruling class has through the superstructure over the base, because of their control of economic forces. The emphasis on economic factors as a major determinant in the model has endeared it to the heart of many critics. Suffice to say that indeed Karl Max has contributed immensely to the understanding of ‘ideology’ in relation to the areas where it has found application: politics, religion, economics, etc. REFERENCES Britannica Online Encyclopedia. http://www. britannica. com/eb/article-9106294/ideology Concept of ideology. Accessed from http://tarlton. law. utexas. edu/lpop/etext/lsf/suretsky5. htm Conceptions of Ideology. Accessed from scholars. nus. edu. sg/post/poldiscourse/marxideology. html John, Lyne. Ideology, Accessed from scholars. nus. edu. sg/post/poldiscourse/marxideology. html.

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Cognitive behavioural therapy, an empirically validated treatment for Major Depressive Disorder (Robinson, Berman, & Neimeyer, 1990) has featured in over 78 research studies, and is the treatment of choice when treating depression by many clinicians. A meta analaysis completed by Dobson (1989), reviewed 28 studies featuring cognitive therapy and depression, and found that cognitive therapy was a more effective treatment modality than behaviour therapy, wait list control, medication, and other therapies. A further meta-analysis conducted by Gloaguen et al., (1998) found that Cognitive behavioural therapy was equal to behaviour therapy, and more effective than drug treatments when treating Major Depressive Disorder. While depression has been found to be successfully treated by therapies such as CBT, many depressed individuals do not continue to attend therapy (Barnes et al., 2003). This can be challenging as CBT in particular requires a commitment from participants in terms of attending a number of sessions so that the client can begin to experience progress. Researchers have found inattendance by those with depression may be due to a number of factors, such as avoidance of dealing with negative feelings (Barnes et al., 2013). According to MacDonald et al (2007), the symptomology of depression, such as reduced concentration, may provide a need for alternate ways of information to be provided when treating depression. One of the core components of CBT is homework activities, with homework completion being found to lead to greater results of therapy (Flynn, 2011). In a study by Simons et al., (2012), it was found that adolescents self reported less depressive symptoms, as well as reduced hopelessness,... ...as found, with these changes maintained at three and six month follow up. In addition, a one day EFT workshop, where EFT was delivered to 216 healthcare workers, resulted in a statistically significant reduction in depressive symptoms (Church, Geronilla, & Dinter, 2009). Two randomised controlled trials (RCT) found EFT to be an effective medium when treating symptoms of depression. After completing an 8 week online EFT course, 36 fibromyalgia patients receiving treatment for PTSD were found to have a significant reduction of depressive symptoms (Brattberg, 2008). The second RCT focussed on 59 war veterans who were experiencing clinical levels of depression. After six sessions of EFT, there was a significant change in their depressive levels which dropped to a subclinical level. These improvements were also maintained at follow-up (Church et al., 2011).

Philippine Code of Ethics For Radiologic Technologists Essay

Article I: RELATION WITH THE STATE AND SOCIETY Section 1. Radiologic technologists and X-ray technologists should be aware of the supreme authority of the state and should adhere tothe Constitution, R.A. No. 7431 and other laws, the rules and regulations promulgated pursuant to such laws. Section 2. They should, above all, consider the welfare and well-being of the public and the interest of the state. Section 3. They are encouraged to involve themselves in civic affairs and cooperate with other organizations to promote the growth and welfare of the community. Article II: RELATION WITH PATIENTS/CLIENTS Section 1. Patients/clients are the focus in the practice of Radiologic Technology and X-Ray Technology. Hence, Radiologic Technologistsand X-Ray Technologists must at all times act with dignity and sincerity and must express genuine concern in the discharge of their work. Section 2. They should keep in confidentiality any data or findings obtained in the performance of their duty. Disclosure, if warranted, should be done by the Radiologists concerned. Section 3. They should not discriminate against anybody and should attend to all patients/clients regardless of creed, race, belief, or political affiliation. Section 4. They should provide the highest level of technical Knowledge in the performance of their work, employing courtesy, empathy, compassion, and privacy to the patient/ client and his family. They should try to perform the examination within reasonable time to avoid the risk of repetition to minimize the radiation exposure to the patient. Article III: RELATION WITH OTHER ALLIED PROFESSION Section 1. Radiologic Technologists and X-Ray Technologists should bear in mind that their profession is a public trust, and that they at all times maintain and uphold the dignity and integrity of their profession and protect it from misinterpretation. Section 2. They should not directly or indirectly assist in any unauthorized practices of the profession. They should report any violations of R.A. 7431, the rules and regulations and this Code of Ethics for registered Radiologic Technologists and X-Ray Technologists to the Board of Radiologic Technology. Section 3. They should share information and experiences with their fellow paramedical professionals, participate, and be active members of the accredited association of Radiologic Technologists and X-Ray Technologists. Schools and Colleges with courses on Radiologic Technology and X-Ray Technology should be encouraged to conduct research to enhance the growth and advancement of the profession. Section 4. They should observe punctuality and keep appointments, particularly in the discharge of their duties with patients/clients. Section 5. They should avoid instances where their personal interest and financial gains will be in conflict with those of theirpatients/clients, colleagues or employers. Section 6. They should at all times perform their tasks with honor and dignity and should be fair and impartial to all. Section 7. They should at all times keep their reputation above reproach and conduct themselves with proper decorum to gain public esteem and respect for the profession. Section 8. They should at all times strive to enhance professional growth through continuing education and subscriptions for professional journals. Section 9. They should not degrade the reputation, competence, and capability of a colleague to aggrandize themselves. Section 10. They should encourage and provide opportunities for professional development and advancement of their colleague. Section 11. They should adhere to the principles of due process and equality of opportunity in peer relationship and personnel actions. Section 12. They should align personal philosophies and attitudes with those of the institutions they serve. Section 13. They should help to create and maintain conditions under which scholarship can exist, like freedom of inquiry, thoughts and expressions. Section 14. They should be receptive to new ideas, knowledge, and innovations that contribute to the development and growth of the profession. Article IV: RELATION TO AGENCY Section 1. Radiologic Technologists and X-Ray Technologists should assist in the improvement of governmental Agencies’ functions and the lightening of their patient’s work load. Section 2. They should be vigilant in the protection of equipment and materials needed to perform their duties. Section 3. They should perform the tasks assigned them by their governmental agency employer in good faith and to the best of their abilities utilizing their technical skills and diligence, particularly in instances where the patients safety maybe jeopardized by their neglect. Section 4. They should help promote, support, assist, and establish goodwill and camaraderies towards their peer employees in the paramedical professions. Article V: RELATIONSHIP WITH ONESELF Section 1. Radiologic Technologists and X-Ray Technologists should always be honest, dependable, levelheaded, and morally upright. Section 2. It is incumbent for them to provide for their professional growth through continuing education, attendance in seminars or subscriptions for professional journals and research materials. Section 3. They should be entitled to a just and fair compensation for services rendered. Section 4. They should not allow their names to be advertised by any person or organization, unless they are employed therein.

Euthanasia to Preserve Quality of Life Essay

There is nothing more precious than human life, and one of the most important tasks of our justice system is to preserve the sanctity of it. However, when one asks a person to â€Å"go live your life† or â€Å"live life to its fullest† what is implied? We are expected to inference that we should be more adventurous, try new things, and include enjoyable experiences. Yet, what if we were prevented from doing these things because of a crippling disability, or excruciating, chronic pain? This raises the issue that when there is no quality of life, there is little sanctity in it. Therefore, to preserve quality of life, and security of person, choosing to end a life for merciful reasons, or euthanasia, should be considered a viable option. In R v. Latimer, Robert Latimer’s daughter Tracy was in excruciating pain, underwent several serious operations, had the mental capacity of a four month old infant, and suffered a variety of other ailments. He believed that he was justified in killing his daughter, because in death she would experience no pain, and therefore it was a more positive alternative to her life. In the case of Sue Rodriguez, her life was in a state of slow deterioration, and by the time she deemed there was no more quality in it, she would be unable to commit suicide. Consequently, she pursued the legalization of Assisted Suicide. In her eyes, not to do so violated her Right to Security of Person under s. 7 of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms. Examining these cases and the public reactions to them helps to shed light on the controversial topic of Euthanasia. R V. LATIMER Robert Latimer was a Saskatchewan farmer. His daughter Tracy was born with extremely severe cerebral palsy, causing her to be a quadriplegic, have the intelligence of a four month old infant, and necessitate the use of spoon feeding to provide nourishment. Tracy â€Å"suffered five to six seizures daily, and it was thought she suffered great pain† (Dimensions of Law: p. 325). After another surgery was required to insert a feeding tube into Tracy’s stomach to prevent malnutrition, Latimer decided that the quality of Tracy’s  life was so low, it would be a better alternative to euthanize her by putting her in his truck and filling it with carbon monoxide. Robert Latimer was charged with first degree murder for this killing, and was later convicted of second degree murder, and sentenced to the minimum ten years in prison. Latimer believed that because of the extenuating circumstances, that ten years was cruel and unusual punishment. He appealed to the Supreme Court, but his conviction was upheld unanimously. This case provides great interest for a number of reasons. According to Canadian law, what Robert Latimer did was undoubtedly murder. He took his daughter’s life intentionally and with careful consideration. However, under certain circumstances, taking life cannot be considered murder. It is thought very humane to euthanize or â€Å"put-down† a pet that is suffering. Yet, to do so to a human is considered murder. Of course, there is typically a distinction between human and animal intelligence, but in the case of R v. Latimer, Tracy Latimer only possessed the mental capacity of a four month old infant. This means she could not formulate the abstract thoughts that distinguish humanity from animals. All Tracy knew was discomfort, suffering, and slowly degrading health. If she was Robert Latimer’s pet, the majority of society would _look down on him_ for not taking the humane steps and ending this life, and thus her suffering. However, the nature of our legal system means that ending any human’s life, no matter what physical state they are in, is a criminal offence. This should not be, as it violates their right to security of person, which is further outlined in the case of Sue Rodriguez. SUE RODRIGUEZ AND ASSISTED SUICIDE In 1992, a British Columbian woman named Sue Rodriguez started a court case with the intention of altering s. 241 of the Canadian Criminal code. This section states: _†Every one who (a) counsels a person to commit suicide, or (b) aids or abets a person to commit suicide whether suicide ensues or not, is guilty of an indictable offence and liable to imprisonment for a term not  exceeding fourteen years†_ (Canadian Criminal Code). Sue Rodriguez had ALS, (Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis), commonly referred to as Lou Gherig’s disease. This is a degenerative nerve disease that renders an individual to become gradually weakened until she is unable to eat, or even breathe without the help of machines. Ms. Rodriquez wished to enjoy life while she still could. When the quality of her life reached a point that life was no longer worth living, she would be unable to end it by her own hand. She felt that s. 241 of the criminal code violated s. 7 of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms which states: â€Å"_Everyone has the right to life, liberty and security of person and the right not to be deprived thereof†¦Ã¢â‚¬ _ (Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms). Rodriguez thought that because the Criminal Code prevented someone from assisting her in suicide, it was violating her right to security of person. She brought this case all the way to the Supreme Court, where in a 5 – 4 decision, they ruled against altering s. 241 of the Criminal Code. About four months after the ruling, Sue committed assisted suicide with the aid of a physician whose identity is still unknown. Sue Rodriguez was facing an impossible situation; she wished to enjoy life as long as she could, but the minute she could no longer enjoy it, she would be too weak to carry out suicide, what she believed was the most dignified way to die. Section 241 of the Criminal Code made it illegal for a doctor or other person to assist her, and she saw this as a clear violation of her right to security of person. Rodriquez felt she was becoming â€Å"a prisoner in [her] on body†¦Ã¢â‚¬  and the current laws were enforcing this. If a person wishes to die, it is their right to do so. In Canada, there is no law against attempted suicide, and therefore there should be no law against those who need assistance to end their lives. Like Euthanasia, it is the humane thing to do to assist someone in their decision to end their lives, and s. 241 of the Criminal Code should be altered to accommodate this. In both the aforementioned cases, the goals of these two participants in euthanasia were not to diminish the rights and freedom of the suffering individuals, but rather to uphold them. In the case of R v. Latimer, his daughter suffered in chronic agony, and was unable to even formulate conscious thought. To continue existing in such a declining state of health  was merely torture. As for Sue Rodriguez, she was fully able to make the decision that she wished to end her life, but lacked the faculties to do so without assistance. It was a clear violation of her right to security of person to force her to live in a degrading body, and experience the pain that went with the disease. It is only reasonable that alterations be made to Canada’s justice system, particularly s. 241 of the criminal code. Although the sanctity of life is paramount in importance, when that life is no longer worth living, it should be up to that person, and/or the duty of that person’s closest relations to help them end their suffering, by engaging in euthanasia.